Topeng Ireng Wira Catra in Wanurejo Village Magelang District: an Analysis of the Development of Performance Form and Function

Abstract

This study aims to describe the development of form and functional transformation in the Topeng Ireng Wira Catra performance over time. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method with two main approaches: historical study and structural-functional analysis. Data were collected through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, with data validation carried out using triangulation techniques. The findings reveal that the performance structure of Topeng Ireng Wira Catra includes performance patterns, movements, makeup and costumes, music, performance venues, lighting, and sound systems. The development of the performance form involves changes in performance patterns, movements, makeup and costumes, and music, occurring across three periods: 1999–2006, 2007–2014, and 2015–2025. One consistent characteristic that has been preserved is the use of traditional instruments, the rearrangement of old songs without incorporating the dangdut genre, and the presentation of classic rodat accompanied by distinctive Topeng Ireng movements, which distinguish the group from others. In addition to changes in form, the function of the performance has also evolved—from its original ritualistic role to one that now serves as community entertainment, a means of tourism and economic promotion, and a medium for strengthening local social solidarity.